MUMPS

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Mumps is a viral disease that affect and cause swelling of the salivary glands. Mumps is easily preventable by a vaccine.

CAUSATIVE AGENT: Paramyxovirus
INCUBATION: 14- 18 days


PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The virus is transmitted through respiration.
The paramyxovirus replicate in the nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes.
The virus spread to tissue after 12- 25 days of exposure.
Multiple tissues are infected when they spread.

SYMPTOMS
1.       PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS
(These symptoms represents an early sign or symptom, which often indicate the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms).
  • Myalgia
(Myalgia is the soreness and achiness in the muscles that can range from mild to severe)
  • Anorexia
(Anorexia is an eating disorder in which people have an intense fear of gaining weight and can become dangerously thin)
  • Sore throat
  • Malaise
(Malaise is a general feeling of discomfort, illness or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify)
  • Headache
  • Low- grade fever
  • Trismus (lock jaw)

2.       CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
  1. Parotitis causing swelling
  2. Orchitis (inflammation of one/ both testicles)
Up to 20% of the infection are asymptomatic.
 
DIAGNOSIS
  •  Physical examination (eg swollen gland)
  •   Blood or saliva test using PCR
(Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR is a lab technique used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA)


TREATMENT
1.       Isolation till swelling subside.
2.       Application of intermittent ice/ heat to affected neck or testicular area.
3.       Analgesics for pain.
4.       Antipyertic for fever.
5.       Rest
6.       Mouth Care
7.       Bland diet (fluid taken through straw)

COMPLICATIONS
1.       CNS: Encephalitis, meningitis
2.       Orchitis (inflammation of the testes)
3.       Oophoritis (inflammation of  the ovary)
4.       Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
5.       Deafness

Less common ones include;
6.       Arthralgia (pain in the joint)
7.       Arthritis (inflammation of the joint causing pain)
8.       Nephritis (inflammation of the nephron) 

PREVENTION
1.       Vaccination
2.       Wash hands with soap and water regularly.
3.       Disinfect frequently touched surfaces often.
4.       Limit contact with infected people.


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