1. HYPEROPIA
Other names for hyperopia include longsightedness or farsightedness. Farsightedness is a defect of vision in which there is difficulty with near vision but far objects can be seen easily. This is caused by eyeball being too short or the refractive power of the lens is too weak. This causes the image to focus behind the retina rather than upon it. Hyperopia can be corrected by wearing convex lenses. Refractive surgery like Laser Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) can be used to correct mild or moderate hyperopia.
2. MYOPIA
Myopia is also called nearsightedness or shortsightedness. Myopia is a defect of vision in which far objects appear blurred but near objects are seen clearly. Myopia is caused by the eyeball being too long. As a result, images are focused in front of the retina rather than directly on the retina. Myopia can be corrected by wearing concave lens. Also, refractive surgery can correct myopia. Atropine eye drops can also correct myopia. Orthokeratology (ortho- k) is another way of correcting myopia.
Orthokeratology is the fitting of specially designed gas permeable contact lenses that you wear overnight. While you are asleep, the lenses gently reshape the front surface of your eye (cornea) so you can see clearly the following day after you remove the lenses when you wake up.
3. ASTIGMATISM
Is a type of refractive error in which the eye does not focus light evenly on the retina. It is caused by an error in the shape of the cornea. With astigmatism, the lens of the eye or the cornea which is the front surface of the eye, has an irregular curve. This can change the way light passes, or refracts to your retina. This causes blurry, fuzzy or distorted vision. A typical symptom of astigmatism is if you are looking at a pattern of lines placed at various angles and the lines running in one direction appear sharp whilst those in other directions appear blurred. Astigmatism usually can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery.
EYE PROBLEMS
1. MACULAR DEGENERATION
This is the deterioration of the macula, which is the small central area of the retina of the eye that controls visual acuity.
The macula is in the center of the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. The macula is responsible for central vision. Degeneration of the macula occurs most often after the age of 60 years and is termed as Age- related Macular Degeneration (AMD/ ARMD). Smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, a diet high in unsaturated fats and simple carbohydrates, lack of exercise all increase the risk of ARMD.
2. CATARACTS
A cataract is a clouding of the lens, which prevents a clear, sharp image being produced. A cataract forms because the lens is sealed in a capsule, with time this causes a clouding over the lens. This clouding results in blurred images. Cataract can be corrected by cataract surgery. Cataract surgery is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed an opacification, which is referred to as cataract and replacing it with an artificial lens.
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